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Tylosaurus
Tylosaurus is a large marine reptile that first existed in the Western Interior Seaway that ran through the United States and Canada during the Late Cretaceous period. Growing to over 14m in length, Tylosaurus is one of the largest mosasaurs ever to have existed, and was the apex predator of its marine environment - studies have shown that it fed on sharks, plesiosaurs and even other mosasaurs.
Tsintaosaurus
Notable for its distinctive duck-billed snout and striking head crest, Tsintaosaurus is an herbivorous hadrosaurid that can grow up to 10m in length and weigh in excess of three tonnes. Despite its relatively large size, Tsintaosaurus was capable of walking on four legs or two and could reach high speeds when fleeing from predators. Its name comes from the location of its discovery, Qingdao in China.
Tropeognathus
The piscivorous dinosaur Tropeognathus lived in South America during the Early Cretaceous period around 110m years ago, and is one of the largest pterosaurs ever to have existed with a wingspan of over 8m. The name Tropeognathus means ‘keel jaw’, and refers to the enlarged crests on its jaw, which the dinosaur uses to retain balance when diving into water to catch fish.
Troodon
Troodon is a small, meat-eating dinosaur of the Troodon genus with long, thin legs that enable it to reach high speeds when chasing prey. Its name is Greek for ‘wounding tooth’, in reference to its sharp incisors, while this theropod’s large eyes allow it to hunt in the dark. Troodon’s large brain for its size – it stands at just over three feet tall – makes it one of the most intelligent dinosaurs.
Torosaurus
Torosaurus is notable for having one of the largest skulls the world has ever seen, measuring up to 2.7m in length. Fossil remains have shown that the frill on its skull contained two large holes, lending the genus its name, which translates to ‘perforated lizard’. Torosaurus is an herbivorous dinosaur and can weigh up to six tonnes, requiring a huge amount of vegetation every day for sustenance.
Tapejara
Easily recognised thanks to its unique appearance, Tapejara is a genus of Pterosaur native to Brazil with a brightly coloured crest on top of its head that could grow up to a metre in length, helping it to attract mates. Its wingspan of around 4m makes it one of the smaller Pterosaurs, while the name Tapejara translates to ‘old being’.
Suchomimus
The large carnivorous spinosaurid Suchomimus is known for its unusual appearance – although its body is similar to that of Baryonyx or Spinosaurus, its long snout bears a closer resemblance to a modern-day crocodile; in fact, the name Suchomimus translates to ‘crocodile mimic’. Suchomimus can weigh up to two and a half tonnes and grow up to 9.5m in length, with large claws on its hand for catching and killing fish and small animals.
Styracosaurus
Measuring 5.1m in length and weighing almost 2 tonnes, Styracosaurus is a large herbivorous dinosaur that lived in the Cretaceous Period. Styracosaurus is from the ceratopsian family of dinosaurs, with a single horn protruding from its snout and a large neck frill featuring lengthy spines that give it its name, which translates into ‘Spiked Lizard’.
Stygimoloch
Stygimoloch is an herbivorous dinosaur from the pachycephalosaur family that lived in the western United States around 65-68m years ago. This genus can grow to over 3m in length and is easily recognisable thanks to the large bony horns on the back of its head, which it uses to defend itself from predators. Its name translates to ‘Styx devil’, a reference to the river that separates Earth and the Underworld in Greek mythology.